The Soviet Leader Vladimir Lenin And The New Millennium Essay

Introduction: One step forwards, two steps back. This was the mantra of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin as he consolidated power during the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1903 (Lenin 1941). In the statement, Lenin illustrates the idea that every attempt or step towards progress only succeeded in creating new challenges, new problems, out from the woodworks. Sixteen years into the 21st Century, this catchphrase seems to be the running theme, or perhaps joke, of the new millennium. The internet has connected all of humanity in ways that have never before been seen throughout the history of mankind, yet it also opened the door for cyber terrorism, illegal surveillance, and the efficient propagation of dangerous hateful ideologies. Progress in the field of medicine races forwards at the speed of light, but pharmaceutical companies are greedy. They hold onto their patents with vice grips and raise prices of essential medications while they cost only pennies to produce. Progress is like Pandora’s box in that it proliferates the spread of evil, greed, and corruption, while the fragile hope that remains in the jar continues the human race in its attempts to move forward. We tell ourselves, â€Å"Maybe we’ll get it right this time. This time we’ll learn for our predecessors mistakes.† Very rarely do these hopes materialize. Politics, especially politics, have not escaped this one step forwards, two steps back mantra. Laws have been put into place to protectShow MoreRelatedRussia A Hybrid Regime Is A Pseudo Democratic Regime1947 Words   |  8 Pagespolitical transitions and more. This country, which has transformed its self into a superpower, has caught the attention of the world in the 20th century and now the millennium. What is most interesting is throughout Russian history—the Tsars, the Russian Revolution, the Soviet experiment of communism, and the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics—Russia has flirted with democracy, but time and time again it returns to the familiar, authoritarian regime. Russia’s inability to shake the shacklesRead MoreMarxism and Communism Christian Communism4953 Words   |  20 Pagesreformers in the early 19th century founded communities based on common ownership. But unlike many previous communist communities, they replaced the religio us emphasis with a rational and philanthropic basis.Notable among them were Robert Owen, who founded New Harmony in Indiana (1825), and Charles Fourier, whose followers organized other settlements in the United States such as Brook Farm (1841–47).Later in the 19th century, Karl Marx described these social reformers as utopian socialists to contrast themRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesAutotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam WineburgRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesUniversity of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval

Celiac Disease An Autoimmune Disorder - 1728 Words

Introduction Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder which is triggered by consumption of a dietary protein called gluten. Celiac disease causes the immune system to react abnormally to gluten. This immune response can lead to damage of the small intestines therefore causing malabsorption of vital nutrients. Gluten is found in wheat, rye, barley and triticale (a cross between wheat and rye). Celiac disease is also referred to as celiac sprue, gluten-sensitivity and non-tropical sprue. Gluten is not only contained in grains but it is also a hidden ingredient in a very large number of prepared foods. Celiac disease is a genetic disorder which means that the genes which predispose people to celiac disease can be passed on from parent to child in the DNA. Celiac disease is also more common among people with other genetic disorders including Down syndrome and Turner syndrome, a condition that affects girls’ development. According to the World Gastroenterology Organization, celiac disease is co mmon throughout the world and affects one in every 133 people. Among people who have a first degree relative - a parent, sibling, or child— diagnosed with celiac disease, as many as 1 in 22 people may have the disease. This prevalence is much higher than that noted approximately 20 years ago. According to Health Canada, celiac disease is now recognized as one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. However, of the people with celiac disease, 97% are undiagnosed or misdiagnosed.Show MoreRelatedThe, No Bread For Thanksgiving1148 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War II that a cause was attributed to â€Å"Gee-Herter’s disease†Ã¢â‚¬â€the name of this unusual disorder. A shortage of grain led a Dutch pediatrician, Willem-Karel Dicke, to draw the conclusion that wheat was the culprit (Gut). He made this connection when the death rate of children with this disease went from about 35% to 0% during the grain shortage (Sanghavi). Today, Gee-Herter’s diseas e, more commonly known as coeliac or celiac disease, is better understood. Advanced methods in molecular biologyRead MoreGluten-Free Cause and Effect1062 Words   |  5 PagesIn 2006, my mom and I were both diagnosed with Celiac Disease. This has been a huge struggle of ours and continues to be an ongoing battle. We have thoroughly researched the cause and effects of celiac disease. It all begins with gluten being the culprit. Eating gluten for people with celiac disease can be time consuming, expensive, and can cause numerous health issues. Originally, the human species lived depending only on animal protein, vegetables, fruits, seeds, and nuts. It wasn’t until approximatelyRead MoreCeliac Disease941 Words   |  4 PagesCeliac disease: an often missed diagnosis Commonly referred to as wheat allergy, celiac disease is not an allergic disorder; rather it is actually intolerance to gluten, a protein in wheat. It is also known as celiac sprue, nontropical sprue and gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Celiac disease occurs in people who have a genetic susceptibility. It was considered a north European disease initially but now it has a high prevalence in all the continents. In north- India it affects 1 in 200-300 individualsRead MoreCeliac Disease955 Words   |  4 PagesCeliac disease: an often missed diagnosis Commonly referred to as wheat allergy, celiac disease is not an allergic disorder; rather it is actually intolerance to gluten, a protein in wheat. It is also known as celiac sprue, nontropical sprue and gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Celiac disease occurs in people who have a genetic susceptibility. It was considered a north European disease initially but now it has a high prevalence in all the continents. In north- India it affects 1 in 200-300 individualsRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Autoimmune Diseases834 Words   |  4 Pagesof autoimmune diseases Autoimmune diseases are caused by auto-antibodies, according to auto-antibodies can be divided into: organ-specific, which affects one organ; non-organ specific, which are a multisystem disease. 2.1. Organ-specific 2.1.1. Autoimmune thyroid diseases They are a common cause of thyroid disorders and it is caused by auto-antibodies against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSH), intracytoplasmic antigen or thyroglobulin. 2.1.1.1.Grave s disease Grave s disease is theRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Celiac Disease1068 Words   |  5 Pages Celiac disease (CD) is defined as a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by small intestine mucosal damage in response to the ingestion of dietary gluten (proteins found in wheat, barley, and rye) in genetically predisposed individuals that improves with strict adherence to a gluten-free diet (Kelly, et al., 2015; Woodward, 2016; Meyer Rosenblum, 2016; Isaac, et al. 2016; Hill, 2016). Ludvigsson, et al. (2013) explain that while the symptoms of celiac disease have been described in medicalRead MoreUnit 21 - Nutrition1119 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual. Factors such as medical disorders, personal preference, lifestyle and cultural factors. MEDICAL DISORDERS There are many underlying health conditions that result in an individual having to alternate their dietary intake. It’s always important that an individual eats healthy, but because of not being able to eat certain foods because of medical disorders eating balanced and even healthy becomes more complicated. An individual can be having a medical disorder that can determine their diet;Read MorePathophysiology Of Celiac Disease Of Gluten, Wheat, Barley, And Rye1476 Words   |  6 PagesPATHOPHYSIOLOGY Celiac disease is an enteropathy mediated by an autoimmune response to gluten, a protein complex found in the endosperm of wheat, barley, and rye.1 The immune response is triggered by both environmental and genetic factors in individuals susceptible to the disease resulting in elevated levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to tissue transglutaminase (tTG), duodenal mucosal villi atrophy, and the inability of tight junctions to properly act as a barrier between the gastrointestinalRead MoreCoexistence of Autoimmune Disease with Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Libyan Patients2041 Words   |  8 PagesMATERIAL AND METHODS The prospective clinical study was undertaken on 849 patients admitted in endocrine department of Tripoli Medical Center from December 2007 to July 2008. From the patients files, the concomitant disease presence or absence was also recorded; especially with reference thyroid function. The important investigations as prescribed by the physician were also recorded. patient’s serum level of T4, T3, FT4, FT3 and TSH were measured for 748 patients. The venous blood samples wereRead MoreSummary Of Shackled By Celiac Disease Essay1655 Words   |  7 PagesShackled by Celiac Disease As a tear slips down her cheek, five-year-old Addi continues with her hair-raising screams. For two nights now, she has had miserable abdominal pain. Clueless as to why, her helpless mother tries to soothe her frazzled daughter. Switching her diet, checking her stool, watching her closely, mom finds nothing out of the ordinary. So the question remains, what is wrong? Why these sudden sleepless nights? After reading a medical website or paper, you miraculously come to the

Kate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour - 1921 Words

The process of conveying meaningful messages consists of not only seeking the courage and effort to do so, but also the pursuit of attracting audiences through different and creative approaches. For Kate Chopin, the famous author of â€Å"The Awakening† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, her most successful approach was to provide audiences with short stories that proposed meaningful and strong messages. However, Kate Chopin’s powerful feminist images that were present throughout her writing has mostly flaunted Chopin as only a â€Å"pioneering feminist writer,† which has led to other messages Chopin incorporated in her writing into being overlooked. In Kate Chopin’s, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the short story describes the diverse emotions Louise Mallard undergoes after hearing of her husband’s railroad death. The protagonist, Mrs. Mallard, embodies feelings of liberation and freedom as she said, â€Å"Free! Body and Soul free!!† (Chopin) Yet, when she discovers her husband was still alive as he stood in the doorway of her house that same day, her shock overwhelms her and Louise suddenly dies of a heart attack. For the most part, this story has been taught solely from a feministic outlook, but if profoundly analyzed, Chopin’s story reveals that the story itself proposes indirect and subtle themes that reflect the social impacts that the developments of technology and time brought upon society during Chopin’s time. Between the 122-year gap from when the story was written, to today, the technologicalShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour1579 Words   |  7 PagesKate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour written in 1984 is a story of a woman who, through the erroneously reported death of her husband, experienced true freedom. Both tragic and ironic, the story deals with the boundaries imposed on women by society in the nineteenth century. The author Kate Chopin, like the character in her story, had first-hand experience with the male-dominated society of that time and had experienced the death of her husband at a young age. The similarity between Kate Chopin andRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour1336 Words   |  6 Pagessociety as married women. In the story of an hour, the author, Kate Chopin describes the emotions of a woman who is married and tied down to this oath for the rest of her life. The author uses the ways of the society during that time to construct a story tha t accurately reflects the feelings of majority of women of that time. The goal of the story is to examine how women were indirectly oppressed during those times. The story of an hour is an interesting short story that begin with telling of a heartRead MoreKate Chopin s Story Of The Hour Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin was an American author who wrote two novels that got published and at least a hundred short stories. In Kate’s short story The Story of the Hour she uses some of her traumatic event that happened in her lifespan in the short story even though it the story is fictional. A lot of her fictions were set in Louisiana and her best-known works focused on the lives of sensitive intelligent women. One-third of Mrs. Chopin’s stories are children’s stories. A lot of Mrs. Chopin’s novels were forgottenRead MoreKate Chopin s Story Of An Hour993 Words   |  4 Pagesfiction intermix in stories because writer’s base their stories of real life experiences and feelings. Kate Chopin largely based her stories off of her own life. Kate Chopin spent her childhood years in an alternative and matriarchal Louisiana town with a family that was unconventional. She challenged her nineteenth century sexist society and used her own life to put strength and feminism into her stories like â€Å"The Storm†, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† and of course â€Å"The Story of an Hour†. She lived with herRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour1248 Words   |  5 PagesTam Le Jennifer R. Vacca ENGL 2307 19 September 2014 The Stressful Marriage React in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of An Hour† Kate Chopin was an American author who majored in short stories mostly in topics related to feminism. Her other works include; â€Å"Bayou Folk† of 1894, â€Å"A Night in Acadia† of 1897, and â€Å"The Storm† of 1898. She created her story entitled â€Å"The Story of an Hour† with the aim of using characterization to show how women behave, and the forces that bind marriages. Her character, LouiseRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour981 Words   |  4 Pagesher bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will—as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been. Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour† (477) The purpose of our entire existence is to create and build a legacy so when we depart this life the ones that we leave behind have something to keep with them. We don’t know the time or the place of when our lives will end onRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour1488 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of An Hour† was published in 1894 in Vogue, during a time when women do not have any legal rights. They have low education level and have no opportunity to work; what they can do is stay at home and manage the family. All their lives, they rely on their husband. Women at that time do not think about why they should be treated this way; they were being silenced by society. Kate Chopin uses the character Mrs. Mallard as the representative of all women who wants freedom at thatRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour980 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Mrs. Mallard is a woman trapped in her own golden cage. Throughout the story, the author, Kate Chopin, shows the true colors of matrimony during that time and what it meant in women’s lives. Women were the only possessions attained after marriage, designated to do house labors and take care of a husband and children. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin illustrates that marriage is another manifestation of women’s abdication of liberty once they say â€Å"I do†. â€Å"The Story of anRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour973 Words   |  4 Pagesbe kept on the inside. The problem is that the reason behind the happiness is often forgotten to be analyzed. What was happening behind closed doors? What was the marriage representing? Mrs. Mallard is an important example of this in Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour. She just received the news of her husband’s death and is obliged to weep at once. Nevertheless, once she gets away from the pressure of the onlookers, she finds more happiness than sadness in which she cannot fully express outside ofRead MoreKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour1309 Words   |  6 Pagesdramatically in some areas. For the author of both stories, Kate Chopin, she wanted the reader to get something out of the story. She likes to explore all types of themes in her stories such as, racism, the roles of women, and adultery. With these themes and messages she struggled to have most of her stories published. In many of her stories she passed along these messages through the manner of a marriage. In her short stories â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"Desiree s Baby† she showed just how different marriages

The Use Of Exposing And Diagnosing Ptsd With Evidence...

â€Å"Shellshock† by Roger J. Spiller is an article about the history of exposing and diagnosing PTSD with evidence compiled from multiple countries around the world who have experienced warfare. The writer describes a vast array of physical symptoms with no visible injuries associated with combat (especially those serving in the front lines), the idealism for becoming a soldier of glory in battle, the extent to which the damages from these mental cases caused armies worldwide, and a conclusion that democracy and the industrial revolution influenced the end of those suffering from the disorder in silence. Throughout the article, there are many variations of symptoms and diagnosis that were difficult for psychologists, medical scholars, surgeons, and generals to diagnose or treat. Although there were no physical wounds, Spiller expresses a record of symptoms which included: flashbacks, nightmares, temporary insanity, sudden violent outbursts, self-medication, temporary paralysi s, difficulty walking or speaking, and being easily startled. However, many of those who faced concealable symptoms did so and Spiller states that the remarkably high numbers of those affected by PTSD expressed in his writing must be considered a bare minimum, concerning analysis, even though he cites that 75% of Vietnam veterans were experiencing symptoms of some kind. The article goes on to describe the types of diagnosis and treatments that have been available throughout history, many of which were as

Reflection on Cultural Awareness

Question: Discuss about the Reflection on Cultural Awareness. Answer: Introduction: As an Enrolled Nurse, I know that I am operating in a diverse society comprising of people from different racial, ethnic, religious, cultural, geographical, and economic backgrounds. However, to deliver quality services, I have a challenge of becoming a flexible professional who understands respects, accommodates, tolerate, and appreciates everyones cultural beliefs. In this paper, I will use Gibbs Reflection Cycle to present a detailed reflection on my interaction with an Aboriginal patient whom I got a privilege to serve last month. On this day, I was attending to an Aboriginal client from the outskirts of Melbourne. What happened is that we were engaged in a discussion regarding breast cancer. After providing all the information on the diagnosis, treatment, causes, and management of the condition to the client, we could not agree because the client insisted that the cause and successful treatment of the disease has a spiritual connection. When our discussion touched on spirituality, I felt that the client was talking in reference to the Aboriginal culture. Already, I knew that Aboriginals are superstitious people who believe in traditional healing methods and appreciation of the contributions of the supernatural forces in the cause and healing of chronic illnesses like breast cancer. I strongly hold the view that these were not bad thoughts. They are realistic because they reflect the true picture of the Aboriginals. I was thinking this way because I had a plan of improving the quality of health of the patient. Culture is an indicator that plays a significant role in the promotion of health equity and equality in the society. For a very long time, the country has been having a huge disparity in the attainment of health equity between the indigenous and non-indigenous communities across the country. Therefore, by acknowledging the cultural views of the Aboriginals, it means that I am a culturally-conscious professional who is ready to deliver culturally-responsive healthcare services to my clients no matter how diverse they might be. I appreciate that I respected spirituality which is an important component of healthcare delivery that can facilitate the recovery process for the Aboriginals. If I were confronted with a similar situation, I have to make lots of improvements. In my action plan, I will have to improve on my listening skills. I realized that I did not do a commendable job by listening to the client. At the same time, I was not persuasive in my argument. I spent most of the time asserting my point without giving the patient enough time to express herself. This is the weak are in which I will have to make the necessary improvements. I failed to convince my patient because I had already formed an informed opinion that any Aboriginal subscribes to the traditional views held by the community regarding conventional medicine. Conclusion I tried to do a commendable job. However, I need to make some improvements. If I make these changes, I will have to be a flexible professional who is read to provide culturally-adaptable healthcare services to all my patient s irrespective of their cultural diversities.

Theory of Mille and Modigliani Free-Samples Myassignmenhelp.com

Question: According to Miller and Modigliani Capital Structure Choices affect a Companys real Investment Policy. Evaluate this Statement from a Modern Business Perspective with reference to relevant Academic Literature. Answer: Introduction The report presented below is on the basis of the study made for the capital structure of the company. The discussion of the structure that should be adopted by the company for better decision making in the investment policies is done. It is divided into three parts. The first part shows the concept of the term capital structure, the importance of debt-equity ratio, and the use of the same. The next part explains the ancient theory of capital structure presented by Miller and Modigliani is explained. It is explained that how the theory was made on some assumptions that are not relevant in the business environment in todays scenario. The comparison of the theory and the current working situations is discussed in the next part of the report. How is proper capital structuring required for better working of a company is explained in this part of the report. The report covers the possible aspects of explanation along with ancient theory of capital budgeting and its importance in the inves tment decision made by the companies. Concept Every company needs funds to grow over all and to incur their operational costs. Various funds are encouraged to raise these funds. The process of raising funds is different in different companies. The fund rising could be done by different combinations of equity share capital or debts. If the company opts the equity base revenue generation than the retained amount would be distributed proportionately to the shareholders by the way of dividend. If the company has a capital structure in which they had borrowed money from market then first preference will be of the repay such outstanding monies then the remaining amount is distributed among the shareholders (Andrikopoulos, 2009). According to the research made, it was observed that when the company opts for a ratio in which the proportion of debt is more than equity then the growth of the company will be maintained up to a certain level and after that the a point will come where the borrowing have to be included in the cost of the company and this will at the end reduce its market value. In the current scenario, considering the various expenses, it was suggested to invest the money that is borrowed from the market and retain its own money for further diversification (Yang, Chueh and Lee, 2014). Miller Modigliani theory of capital budgeting The theory of Miller Modigliani was given by two experts in the year 1950. This theory was based on the working conditions and assumptions of a perfect market scenario around. Certain assumptions which were a part of it are: No taxes paid by the companies There is no transactional cost in the buying and selling of the goods and services. There is no bankruptcy cost. There is similarity in the information that is available with the companies and investors. This means that the investors had complete knowledge of the internal affairs of the companies and will take the investment decision accordingly (Wong, 2015). The cost at which the borrowing are made from the market is same for everyone, be it a company or an investor (Brusov et al., 2011). The earnings before the interest and tax will not be effected by the capital structure in which there is more of debt ratio. According to them the valuation of any company is not relevant to capital structure. The theory further says that the company value is not dependent on what type of capital structure is opted. In fact if the company has higher growth vision and prospects the market value would be high. More shareholders would be attracted for investments (Cheng and Weiss, 2012). The theory worked on two propositions: It is observed in this theory that the market value of the company is not affected by the capital structure it applies. As there is an assumption that there are no taxes the structure of the company is of no use for the valuation. In a capital structure where the debts ratio is more than the equity, the risk of the equity holders increased which in return decreases the cost of debentures (Hung and Lin, 2014). Comparison with the current business perspective: It is discussed in the report that the theory of Miller Modigliani was based on some assumption which is not feasible in todays scenario. The working conditions now, make the theory irrelevant to be practically applied. The capital structure plays an important role in the investment decision of the company. As the capital structure makes the funds available for the companies for further investments. The debt equity ratio is to be properly maintained by the company (Lam, Zhang and Lee, 2013). If the company is debt oriented then arrangements have to be made to borrow the monies from the market at a reasonable rate of interest. The earning made from the application of the monies borrowed will be used first to payback the borrowed money. The situation of no tax, no transactional cost, no bankruptcy cost does and various other assumptions of the theory not exist in todays working environment. Hence, the theory stands irrelevant in the current working preferences (Magni, 2010). The capital structure is important to analyse the valuation of the company in the market. Conclusion During the research of for the preparation of the report it was observed that a structure which make the company capable of raising funds for investments from the available sourced is to be proportionately managed. The company can do the same opting for an equity oriented structure where the money invested in the operational cost is of the shareholders of the company, or can borrow the same from the market as well. It is also observed that in todays scenario the theory of Mille aad Modigliani stands irrelevant as the assumptions does not prevails today. The concept of which the theory was built cannot be practised in the business working preferences today. References Andrikopoulos, A., 2009, Irreversible investment, managerial discretion and optimal capital structure. Journal of Banking and Finance, vol. 33, no 4, pp 709-718. Brusov, P., Filatova, T., Orehova, N., Brusova, N., 2011, Weighted average cost of capital in the theory of ModiglianiMiller, modified for a finite lifetime company. Applied Financial Economics, vol. 21, no 11, pp 815-824. Cheng, J., Weiss, M., 2012, Capital Structure in the Property-Liability Insurance Industry: Tests of the Tradeoff and Pecking Order Theories. Journal of Insurance Issues, vol. 35, no 1, pp 1-43. Hung, Chen, Lin., 2014, The relationship with REITs and bank loans: Capital structure perspectives. Finance Research Letters, vol. 11, no 2, pp 140-152. Lam, S., Zhang, W., Lee, R., 2013, The Norm Theory of Capital Structure: International Evidence*. International Review of Finance, vol. 13, no 1, pp 111-135. Magni, C., 2010, Residual income and value creation: An investigation into the lost-capital paradigm. European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 201, no 2, pp 505-519. Wong, K., 2015, A regret theory of capital structure. Finance Research Letters, vol. 12, p 48. Yang, G., Chueh, H., Lee, C., 2014, examining the theory of capital structure: Signal factor hypothesis. Applied Economics, vol. 46, no 10, pp 1127-1133.

Avertisment analysis Essay Example For Students

Avertisment analysis Essay Ever since the day we were born, we as Americans have been taught to grab the bull by the horns and go for their dreams. Family, schools and the media, to name a few, have carefully programmed us to accomplish great things, to have good jobs, and most importantly, make money. In this success driven culture many people will do what ever they need to do to become wealthy and powerful. Unfortunately, the paths they take to their pot of gold can leave, us as a society, looking greedy and shameless. With its new advertisement of the Viper SRT-10, Dodge has clearly captured some of our societys view on money; do whatever it takes to get it. It pictures an old wealthy man and his beautiful, young bride with a brand new Dodge Viper sports car sitting in the background. In our days of Anna Nicole Smith and countless other gold digging Playboy bunnies, not to mention all of the not-so-famous people doing the same thing, this ad truly fits into our time and culture. In fact, if this ad was publ ished 30 years ago, the majority of the population would be shocked, maybe even outraged. However, seeing it today, most Americans, including myself, laugh at it because it is something we have become accustomed to. Dodge has done a great job in choosing their audience and knowing how to get their attention, by using a humorous and thought provoking picture, a well planned color scheme and a clever slogan. The primary audience for this ad is very wealthy, single males age 40 to 80 that are possibly going through a mid-life, or end-of-life, crisis and need something to make them feel young again. Who better to make an eighty-year-old man feel younger than his new, voluptuous, twenty-something wife? Not only does this ad target older men, it also brings in the younger upper class, as well. By having this very old man and very young, beautiful model pose as husband and wife, it gives the message to all men, that regardless of appearance, they can have a beautiful girlfriend as long as they have the money and a Dodge Viper. Dodge is definitely targeting the self-esteem of wealthy men. Men that, although wealthy, may not have everything they want in life. Theyve made their fortune but are lacking in joy. This ad is using another exploited emotion in this country, lust, to sell the Viper. It shows wealthy men that they can find joy in lusting after a younger woman and that the Viper and money will help them keep her. The men that Dodge targets with this ad, old or young, know how to use their money to get what they want. It is no mistake that the ad appeared in Automobile Magazine. This magazine frequently features high-end cars such as Mercedes-Benz and Ferrari and gets more of an upper class audience than its competition. This audience knows that some women, especially those seeking riches, are attracted to nice cars. Therefore, they will purchase expensive cars, like the Viper, to attract a beautiful woman. But what about those men that cannot afford to buy the V iper for his bride? I dont think Dodge has turned its back on them. This ad will draw the average, middle-class male to it just the same. This final, more general, audience may not be able to go purchase this vehicle right away, but Dodge has planted the seed. This average guy may decide to set a goal to someday purchase a Viper or perhaps settle for another, less expensive, Dodge vehicle. Regardless, Dodge has landed one more customer. The image is the attention-grabber in this advertisement. The first noticeable thing is a beautiful, young, blond-haired woman in a wedding dress that is doing all it can to hold in the silicone. Next to her, an elderly man between the ages of 75 and 90. He looks to be very wealthy due to his attire and surroundings. He is dressed in a nice tuxedo and has a proud, distinguished look on his face. If that isnt enough, he supports a gold, big-pimpin dollar-sign ring on his finger. Dodge has also made sure the audience can see the wedding rings on each o f their hands. This ensures that the audience doesnt mistake the gentleman for the womans father or more appropriate, grandfather. The woman, of course, has a huge diamond ring. This, again, signifies that the man is wealthy and she is not afraid to spend it. By the look of her smiling face, she is very happy. After all those years of searching for the perfect man, she finally found the pocketbook, I mean the man of her dreams. Dodge has truly captured the essence of greed with the image. The background of this ad also expresses wealth. With the large courtyard and beautiful white gate, the picture hints to the audience that the couple is standing inside an expensive country estate. Actually the gate also gives the impression that the bride and groom are gated off from the rest of the world. The only things they need are each other, the Viper and, of course, money. Not only does the background show wealth, but the color scheme helps to accent the car. The greenery and the white wall are very natural, peaceful colors, while the car is bright red. This was obviously done so that the car will catch the eye of the audience and stand out from the rest of the things in the picture. Red has always been the color used to describe the classic American sports car and it symbolizes a fun and exciting lifestyle. It says that this car will get you noticed. The type of men they are advertising to want to be noticed. They need to be noticed in every area of their life including the type of car they drive. That is why the words in this ad are few but effective. Certainly the picture speaks for itself, but the two phrases sum up what the audience wants to hear. Grab life by the horns is what Americans have been taught to do. The target audience has taken every opportunity to get where they are in life and they want to continue to get everything that is available to them. If they dont they may look like failures. Our society has been programmed to achieve, achieve, achieve. If we dont take advantage of every opportunity then we are not truly living. That is what we are told anyway. This phrase is simple but well understood by the target audience. Need we say more? has a very sarcastic tone to it, but is also humorous. Again, this screams American culture. No, they dont have to say more because we, as a culture, know exactly what that picture is telling us. When it comes to even a once sacred union, marriage, our values have gone straight out the window. Instead people will settle for money, greed and lust. The ad is a promotion for materialism with the focus being money and a fancy car. However, it is effective because that is what so many people want in their life. Little words are needed when you see a 25 year-old woman vowing her love to a man that should be her grandfather. It is humorous to Americans though. This marriage is so unimaginable but we laugh because it happens all the time. It is sad that Dodge can print ads like this and NOT have to use more words or not have to say more. We should have to explain what is going on here, but money is power and power is attractive. This is not an uncommon thought to Americans. After all, from the time we are young, we are targeted by advertisements. We are pushed to want things we cant have because we cant afford them. That is why we have so many women willing to marry for money. They can finally have what they have always wanted. They can finally be happy and they didnt need to have a relationship or be in love to get to that point. Or so they think. The same goes for the men that marry out of lust. The ad says it all. These men are seeking what the media has portrayed as the ultimate situation. Beautiful, model-like women, red sports cars, country estates are all the keys that unlock the doors to happiness. Or so they think. Unfortunately, our values when it comes to happiness and marriage have skewed over the years. We have become so driven to succeed and so unfocused on what make s a great relationship work. The sad thing about this ad is that it is so wrong but so on target. Anyone American that watches the media can look at that ad and know exactly what Dodge is trying to convey. Because we live in a free society, we will always have choices. That is the wonderful thing about living in America. However, it is difficult to see so many values that were once held in high regard being mocked by advertisers. Although the ad has its humorous side, it doesnt say much for our standards in this country. Dodge definitely got the job done by capturing its target audience and leaving a lasting impression. People relate well to it because it has become the norm. Generations before me might say money doesnt buy happiness but, unfortunately, in the world today, it can buy just about anything. .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442 , .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442 .postImageUrl , .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442 , .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442:hover , .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442:visited , .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442:active { border:0!important; } .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442:active , .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442 .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubd7df6dbf3518c92b03e405a9bb87442:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The metamorphosis Essay

Pigments Through The Ages English Literature Essay Essay Example

Pigments Through The Ages English Literature Essay Paper In traditional colour theory, these are 3 colour households, blue, ruddy and yellow, which can non be formed by any combination of other colourss. Secondary colourss households are those three formed by blending the primary colourss and they are: green, orange and purple. A primary and a secondary colour can so be assorted to organize other six third colour households whose names are hence a two word combination of a primary and a secondary colour, such as bluish green, reddish-violet, and yellow-orange. Among them we consider here merely the brown colour household. Then there are two more colour households white and black. While we can hold a white pigment merely utilizing white pigments, black could be made by blending the three primary colour pigments. Purples We will write a custom essay sample on Pigments Through The Ages English Literature Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pigments Through The Ages English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pigments Through The Ages English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The word purple comes from the Old English word purpul which originates from the Latin peliosis and from the antediluvian Greek Porphyra . This was the name of the Tyrian purple dye manufactured in classical antiquity. In human colour psychological science, purple is so associated with royalty and aristocracy because Tyrian purple was merely low-cost to the elites. Byzantine empresses gave birth in the Purple Chamber of the castle of the Byzantine Emperors. Therefore, being named Porphyrogenitus ( born to the purple ) marked a dynastic emperor as opposed to a general who won the throne by his attempt. Here s what Wassily Kandinsky ( 1866-1944 ) , a Russian painter, and art theoretician, had to state: Merely as orange is ruddy brought nearer to humanity by xanthous, so violet is ruddy withdrawn from humanity by bluish. But the ruddy in violet must be cold, for the religious demand does non let of a mixture of warm ruddy with cold blue. Violet is hence both in the physical and religious sense a cooled red. It is accordingly instead sad and ailing. It is worn by old adult females, and in China as a mark of mourning. In music it is an English horn, or the deep notes of wood instruments ( e.g. a bassoon ) . In pictures Purples are the sunglassess of colour happening between ruddy and bluish. On a hue diagram, the line linking the utmost spectral colourss red and violet is known as the line of purples ; Some confusion exists refering the colour names violet and violet . Purple is typically defined as a mixture of ruddy and bluish visible radiation, whereas violet is a specific spectral colour ( about 380-420 nanometer ) . Purples can be formed by blending ruddy and bluish pigments but the first existent violet pigment was cobalt violet prepared in 1859. Caption: Timeline of violet pigments [ purple01 ] Caption: Purples and magentas are colourss we see, but do non match to pure wavelengths of visible radiation. On a hue diagram ( a CIE Luv diagram ) , spectral colourss correspond to pure wavelengths of visible radiation, and wrap from the top and left shelfs. On the bottom right diagonal, the line linking the utmost spectral colourss ruddy ( 630-740 ) and violet ( 380-420 nanometer ) is known as the line of purples . [ purple03 purple02 ] Caption: Purple dyeing with Carmine and Indigo as in antediluvian ages. On the low hills South of Goshen, New York, 60 stat mis north of Manhattan ( an hr from the Lincoln Tunnel ) and west of the Hudson River there is a farm which has a small flock of sheep and manus dye its ain narration. There is something attractively existent about seeing a snowflake dissolve in a steaming pot of vino ruddy cochineal. They begin with a medium-dark cochineal and over dye it with an anil to bring forth a violet, a secondary colour. Bluess Blue is the colour of sky and H2O. The blue of H2O the colour of deepness impersonates the female rule. Blue of the skies used to be associated with the male rule. It is the colour of all celestial Gods and bases for distance, for the Godhead, for the religious ( voiced peculiarly by W. Kandinsky ) . This reading goes back to antediluvian Egyptians and was taken on by ulterior civilizations. Blue is besides the symbol of fidelity as it can be proven merely from distance, where the chance for unfaithfulness awaits. Blue flowers, such as mouse ears and violets symbolize fidelity. Harmonizing to an old English usage, the bride wears bluish threads in her nuptials gown and a bluish saphire in her nuptials ring. Bantam flowers of bluish veronica are portion of the nuptials corsage. In the English linguistic communication, blue may mention to the feeling of unhappiness. . The phrase feeling blue is linked to a usage among old sailing ships. If the ship lost the captain, she would wing bluish flags when returning to place port. This look could in general be related to rain, or storms, and because in Greek mythology, the God Zeus would do rain when he was sad ( shouting ) . In German, on the other manus, to be bluish ( blau sein ) is to be drunk. This derives from the antediluvian usage of piss ( which is produced abundantly by the human organic structure after imbibing intoxicant ) in dyeing cloth blue with woad or anil. Though, the Blue Flower was the symbol of German nineteenth century Romanticism after the fresh fragment Heinrich von Ofterdingen by the German poet Novalis ( 1772-1801 ) : He found himself on a broad lawn next to a good aˆÂ ¦Dark blue stone faces with colourful runs rose in the distance ; the suffusing visible radiation was brighter and milder than usual, the sky was blackish blue and wholly pure. But what attracted him most strongly was a tall, light blue flower aˆÂ ¦ He saw nil but the bluish flower and for a long clip contemplated it with indefinable tenderness. Caption: A blue God appears in this transcript of a picture in Gebel Barkal made by Ernst Weidenbach, 1845. Pharaoh and a Temple Chantress present offerings to Amon. Skin of Egyptian God Amon was rendered bluish. Originally, he was the deification of the construct of air, and one of the four cardinal constructs of the aboriginal existence. Amon means the concealed 1, as the air and the air current is non seen. His original word picture was a frog-headed God and his invisibleness was represented by the colour blue, the colour of the sky. In pictures Blue is a primary colour in picture, with the secondary colour orange as its complement. Its perceptual experience is evoked by wavelengths in the scope of approximately 440-490 nanometer. The first bluish pigment was azurite, a natural mineral, and shortly subsequently Egyptian manufactured Egyptian blue which was widespread in the ancient universe. In the in-between age Egyptian blue formula was lost and azurite was the lone blue together with expensive ultramarine coming from Afghanistan. Smalt, a mulct grounded bluish glass came in usage in picture in the XVth century. The first pigment produced thanks to the promotion of modern chemical science was a blue, Prussian blue, followed shortly by Co blue and azure blue. Caption: Munsell french friess of chromaticity 5PB at eight degrees of elation and six degrees of saturation. Caption: Timeline of bluish pigments [ blue01 ] Caption: Blue was a royal colour in early medieval age Europe. This is a image of Charlemagne, missal, circa fifteenth century. In mediaeval Europe, bluish dyes were rare and expensive, so merely the most affluent or the nobility could afford to have on them and the on the job category wore chiefly green and brown. Because of this and besides because Tyrian purple had gone out of usage in western Europe after the prostration of the Western Roman Empire, Europeans thought of royal colour shifted from Tyrian purple towards blue. [ maria1b, in the site ] Caption: Blue was common for the Virgin Mary. This is an anon. panel picture of The Annunciation , in Egg poster paint, from 1490. The bluish colour in Mary s mantle links Heaven and Earth, the Divine and the Mundane. Archangel Gabriel brings the newss of the construct, the Blue of Mary s mantle can be seen in this context besides as a symbol of pureness. Caption: Blue has a calming consequence. The Nivea tegument pick screen is made with man-made ultramarine. Indeed, bluish colour suggests cleanliness and freshness in family merchandises such as detergents, bluish drinks are cool and light. Blue invokes surreal provinces, it instills longings and has a calming consequence. Blue is the colour of the bosom and has a positive intension. Several companies have bluish Sons, including ARAL, Deutsche Bank, Levis, and Nivea. Likely, in pleasant things of life, such as parking tickets, train tickets or the bluish letters ( blaue Briefe in German ) denoting dismissal from work or non go throughing to the following class in school are colored blue so they are accepted more readily. Caption: A perfect blue. Yves Klein ( 1928-1962 ) , Blue Monochrome, 1961, The Sidney and Harriet Janis Collection. Klein likened monochromatic picture to an unfastened window to freedom as the possibility of being immersed in the unmeasurable being of colour. He worked with a chemist to develop his ain peculiar trade name of blue. Made from pure colour pigment and a binding medium, it is called International Klein Blue. Klein adopted this chromaticity as a agency of arousing the immateriality and infiniteness of his ain peculiar Utopian vision of the universe. A pupil of Eastern faiths, Klein entertained esoteric and religious thoughts in which bluish played a critical function as the colour of eternity. Greens The word viridity is closely related to the Old English verb growan, to turn . Green is the colour of life, of workss and of spring. Green is the colour of the seasonal reclamation and the victory of spring over cold winter and therefore of Hope and Immortality. The Chinese associate viridity ( and black ) with the female Yin the inactive and having rule. Green is besides known to bespeak deficiency of experience. Islam venerates the colour, as it expects Eden to be full of exuberant verdure. Green is besides associated with regeneration, birthrate and metempsychosis for its connexions to nature. In some civilizations, green symbolizes hope and growing, while in others, it is associated with decease, illness, enviousness, or the Satan. In the Alchemy, dissolvers for gold were named Green Lion or Green Dragon by the alchemists. Such liquids were instrumental in the beginning of the alchemistic Opus Magnum. Transparent green crystal symbolized the secret fire which represented the life spirit of substances. Sometimes it can besides depict person who is inexperienced, covetous, or ill. In the United States of America, viridity is a slang term for money, among other things. [ green02 ] Caption: The great green! Egyptian picture of Osiris is painted all green. In old Egypt the green means protection and Osiris was called the great green . Caption: Why the Satan wears green? Unlike a recent film rubric The Devil wear Prada . In the XVth century, there was surely non Prada but we know what the Devil wore, green, the Satan was green as in the Saint Wolfgang panel painted by Michael Pacher in 1471-1475 and now at the Alte Pinakothek, Munich. Medieval poets such as Chaucer besides drew connexions between the colour viridity and the Satan. In his Friar s narrative it is told that the Satan came in action dressed in green. Why? Green was believed to be a pleasant colour so that beasts like it and are attracted to green topographic points. Hunters who seek animals in such topographic points frock in green so as non to previse their victims and so as to look pleasant themselves. The Friar s Satan clearly fits this description. The Satan is a huntsman dressed in green seeking his quarry under a wood syde . In pictures The perceptual experience of green is evoked by light holding wavelengths of approximately 520-570 nanometers. In picture ( substructive colour system ) it is non a primary colour, but is created out of a mixture of xanthous and bluish. Green pigments were available from the early beginning of Art History, the most ancient were green Earth, found of course in many topographic points and malachite, used largely by Egyptians. Greeks introduced cupric acetate, one of the first pigments made unnaturally. Copper resinate was introduced in European XVth century easel picture and shortly subsequently discarded. A new coevals of leafy vegetables came thanks to modern Chemistry get downing from the late eighteenth century: Co green, emerald green and viridian. Caption: Timeline of green pigments. [ image is already on-line ] Caption: The Impressionists revived green, , . Nature and the colour viridity have been revived in Impressionism partially because of the coming of tubings for pigments which made it possible to paint straight on location and partially because a set of new and brighter than of all time green pigments had been manufactured. Monet uses in his The Nipponese Bridge , 1899, the colour of hope together with the symbol of a span. The span stands for unifying peoples and revives hope for peaceable hereafter. Bridge and rainbow are similar in their significance, the rainbow typifying the span between Heaven and Earth and therefore linking the material universe with the kingdom of the Godhead. Yellow The word yellow comes from the Old English geolu. Yellow is associated with sunlight, cognition and flourishing of all life animals, but besides with fall and adulthood. Sun was one of the most of import symbols for Man and was worshiped in many indigene civilizations as God. Harmonizing to Greek mythology the Sun-god Helios have oning a xanthous robe rode in a aureate chariot drawn by four fiery Equus caballuss across the celestial celestial sphere. The beaming xanthous visible radiation of the Sun personified the Godhead wisdom. In China yellow colour is assigned to the active and originative male Yang rule. On the other side, Ancient Egyptians every bit good as the painter Franz Marc ascribed xanthous to the female rule. The negative intension of yellow as the colour of enviousness and as a label of favoritism has its beginning in in-between Ages. In the English linguistic communication, yellow has traditionally been associated with icterus and cowardliness. Yellow ( giallo ) , in Italy, refers to offense narratives, both fictional and existent. This association began in about 1930, when the first series of offense novels published in Italy had xanthous screens. Caption: Got a xanthous tegument? You are a God ( except Simpsons! ) Both the Sun and gold were xanthous and shared the qualities of being imperishable, ageless and indestructible. Therefore anything depicted as yellow in Egyptian art by and large carried this intension. The tegument and castanetss of the Gods were believed to be made of gold. In this image of Ra, note the tegument tones of the God. He is a godly existences and therefore has aureate tegument. Compare this to the instrumentalist, who has the authoritative red-brown tegument tones of worlds. Caption: Can you read colour symbolism linguistic communication? , a back-to-nature motion swept Germany. Franz Marc developed in Germany during the early old ages of this century a back-to-nature motion which stated that animate beings possessed a certain godliness that work forces had long since lost. Marc wrote Peoples with their deficiency of piousness, particularly work forces, neer touched my true feelings, and But animate beings with their virginal sense of life awakened all that was good in me. Marc developed a theory of colour symbolism in order to acquire through the thoughts of his motion. Yellow symbolized muliebrity because it is soft, cheerful and animal , while bluish symbolized maleness, because it is religious and rational . The cow in his picture, The xanthous cow, dated 1911 and now at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, could be hence a word picture of Maria Franck, his married woman, while the triangular blue mountains could be Marc s abstract self-portrait . Caption: After Deluge came the Yellow. This is what Turner seems to state in his Light and Morning after the Deluge, Moses composing the Book of Genesis , dated 1843. The rubric of Turner s picture describes pointedly the function of the colour yellow: beaming xanthous Sun ends a long period of darkness and begins a new pure epoch of Light after the all avid Deluge. The picture is considered to be an fable of Light. Moses is depicted somewhat above the centre in the whirl of visible radiation. In pictures Yellow is light with a wavelength of 570-580 nanometer, as is light with a suited mixture of slightly longer and shorter wavelengths. The oldest xanthous pigment is besides among the first used by worlds, xanthous ocher. Egyptian and the ancient universe made broad usage of the natural mineral orpiment for a more superb yellow than xanthous ocher. In the in-between age European manufactured lead Sn yellow and subsequently they imported Indian yellow and rediscovered the method for the production of Naples yellow ( this was used by Egyptians ) . Modern Chemistry brought many other yellows, chrome yellow, Cd yellow, lemon yellow and Co yellow. Caption: Timeline of xanthous pigments. Orange The colour was referred to in Old English as geoluhread which means yellow-red. Then the word orange was introduced after the orange fruit was introduced to English via the Spanish word naranja which came from the Sanskrit word nA?raa?†¦ga. Orange is energy, enthusiasm, and balance. It has less strength or force than ruddy and is calmed by the felicity of yellow. It is related to Hinduism and Buddhism. Here s what Wassily Kandinsky ( 1866-1944 ) , a Russian painter, and art theoretician, had to state: Warm red, intensified by a suited yellow, is orange. This blend brings ruddy about to the point of distributing towards the witness. But the component of ruddy is ever sufficiently strong to maintain the coloring material from light-mindedness. orange is like a adult male, convinced of his ain powers. Its note is that of the angelus, or of an old fiddle. Caption: Vincent new wave Gogh said, There is no blue without xanthous and without orange . Influenced by prints from Japan, he painted dark lineations around objects, make fulling these in with countries of thick colour. He knew that utilizing complementary colourss make each seem brighter, utilizing yellows and oranges with blues and reds with leafy vegetables. To overstate the equity of hair, I come even to orange tones, chromes and pale yellow I make a field background of the richest, more intense blue that I can plan, and by this simple combination of the bright caput against the rich blue background, I get a cryptic consequence, like a star in the deepnesss of an cerulean sky. This is exemplified by his Self-portrait dated 1889 at the Musee dOrsay, Paris. Caption: In this picture, a new Sun rises on Gallic art, the orange Sun of Impressionism. This picture is a dramatic illustration of the new manner. The Sun is set against the morning, the orange colour against the grey and the vivacious force of the Sun against its motionless surroundings..This is the picture that started Impression and where the motion name came from when critics, sing this Monet s picture, Impression: Dawn, dated 1873 and now at the Musee Marmottan, Paris, called them for the first clip Impressionists . In pictures The colour orange occurs between ruddy and yellow in the seeable spectrum at a wavelength of about 585-620 nanometer. The complementary colour of orange is cerulean, a somewhat light-green blue. Pure Orange pigments were Realgar and so chromium-plate orange, loved by impressionists. Less pure tones of orange were found mostly in the ocher and recently in Cd households. Caption: Timeline of orange pigments. Red The colour red is the colour of fire and blood. Hebrew words for blood and ruddy have the same beginning: diabetes mellitus agencies ruddy and dom means blood. Blood and fire have both positive and negative intensions. Bloodshed, aggression, war and hatred on one side and love, heat and compassion on the other side. In old Egypt red was the colour of life and of triumph. During jubilations, ancient Egyptians would paint their organic structures with ruddy ocher. The normal skin tone of Egyptian work forces was depicted as ruddy, without any negative intension. Ancient Greeks associated the bright, aglow ruddy with the male rule, ruddy was besides the colour of the Grecian Gods of war Phoebus and Ares. Adam was created out of ruddy clay. In the prehistoric civilizations, nevertheless, ruddy was associated with the female rule. Mother Earth provided the Neolithic peoples with ruddy ocher which was credited with life giving powers. The relation of the ruddy colour to the female rule in Japan survived up to the present twenty-four hours. Altars in Catholic churches are decorated in ruddy for the Feast of Pentecost to typify the Holy Ghost. Christ s caput is surrounded by an xanthous radiance aureole: Jesus lickings Darkness and leads the manner to Light. Statue of Seth Caption: Did you of all time know of a ruddy caput God? God Seth, associated with the devastation, had red eyes and hair. Seth while the God of triumph over Apep, was besides the evil liquidator of his brother Osiris. His ruddy colour could take on the significance of evil or victory depending on the context in which he is portrayed as in this statue. In general, in Egypt red was an ambivalent colour, as for us. It was at the same clip wellness and verve, but besides choler and force. Caption: Jesus should hold been buried in a white shroud but in the Isenheim reredos Resurrection, painted by Matthias Grunewald in 1515, Jesus wears a scarlet ruddy robe in order to imply a whole series of symbols: It is martyrs ruddy blood, it demonstrates power over life and decease, but it besides stands for religion, fulfilment and love. The ruddy robe invokes a blaze fire endeavoring towards heaven and towards the Divine. In pictures Red is one of the subtractive primary colourss. Red is visible radiation of the longest wavelengths discernable by the human oculus, in the wavelength scope of approximately 630-740 nanometer. Longer wavelengths than this is infrared visible radiation and can non be seen by the bare oculus. The oldest pigment was likely ruddy ocher, the pigment of the cave art. Ancient universe had red Rubia tinctorum lake other than ruddy lead, made unnaturally and scarlet ( natural mineral cinnabar ) . The unnaturally made scarlet was the most of import ruddy pigment until the industry of Cd red ( 1907 ) . Caption: Timeline of ruddy pigments. Whites Since white objects such as clouds, snow and flowers appear frequently in nature, human civilization has many mentions to white, frequently related to pureness and cleanness. The high contrast between white and black is frequently used to stand for antonyms. In some civilizations, like Chinese, white is considered to be a colour that represents decease. On the other manus in many civilizations white represents pureness, freedom, and hygienic pureness. White frequently represents pureness or artlessness in Western states and hence white is the colour worn by brides at nuptialss and the colour of angels fabrics. In old Egypt the colour white suggested omnipotence and pureness. The name of the holy metropolis of Memphis meant White Walls. White sandals were worn at holy ceremonials. The stuff most normally used for ritual objects such as little ceremonial bowls were white. White and black has the biggest ocular contrast, this can easy be associated to other opposite constructs such as twenty-four hours and dark good and evil. In Taoism which has great influence in Eastern civilization Yin and yang is normally depicted in black and white, picturing the two colourss as antonyms. Here s what Wassily Kandinsky ( 1866-1944 ) , a Russian painter, and art theoretician, had to state: white, although frequently considered as no colour ( a theory mostly due to the Impressionists, who saw no white in nature ) , is a symbol of a universe from which all colour as a definite property has disappeared. This universe is excessively far above us for its harmoniousness to touch our psyches. A great silence, like an impenetrable wall, hide its life from our apprehension. White, therefore, has its harmoniousness of silence, which works upon us negatively, like many intermissions in music that interruption temporarily the tune. It is non a dead silence, but one pregnant with possibilities. White has the entreaty of the void that is before birth, of the universe in the ice age. Caption: Piet Mondrian fell in love with white. Mondrian s most celebrated plants are his pictures made up of pure ruddy, xanthous, black, white and bluish as in Composition A, 1923 at Galleria Nazionale dArte Moderna vitamin E Contemporanea, Rome ( left ) . Over clip, though, his graphics became simpler and white became increasingly more of import. Wider Fieldss of colour dominated his pictures, separated by big subdivisions of pure white as in the Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow, painted seven old ages subsequently in 1930 ( center ) at the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, CT. Just five more old ages subsequently, in 1935, white itself became the focal point, as in the Composition in Blue and White. The captivation of Mondrian into white was described by Charmion von Wiegand sing the painter s studio in New York: Everything was immaculate white, like a research lab. In a light duster, with his smooth-shaven face, taciturn, have oning his heavy spectacless, Mondria n seemed more a scientist or priest than an creative person. The lone alleviation to all the white were big mat boards, rectangles in yellow, ruddy and bluish, hung in asymmetric agreements on all the walls. Peering at me through his spectacless, he noticed my glimpse and said: I ve arranged these to do it more cheerful. Caption: Paris Street in Rainy Weather , 1877, is the most celebrated picture by Gustav Caillebotte. The creative person seems to hold used different sunglassess of yellow, ruddy and bluish to paint the cobbled land. However, the premier colour is merely white to give the feeling of infinite Shades of white through the street of Paris. In pictures The perceptual experience of white is due to light that stimulates all three types of colour sensitive cone cells in the human oculus in about equal sums and with high brightness. Lime pulverization and gesso where the first white available from the Prehistory. The most of import part to art stuffs from Greeks was lead white, a pigment would go omnipresent in western art. Modern Whites were zinc white and Titanium white. The last one, thanks to its first-class qualities, had replaced lead white and is the most used one both in art as in industry. Caption: Timeline of white pigments. Brown The word brown comes from Old English brun, used in beginning for any dusky or dark shadiness of colour. Brown represents earthiness. While it might be considered a small on the dull side, it besides represents, simpleness, wellness and dependableness. UPS ( United Parcel Service ) used it and companies use brown paper to denote a natural merchandise. The white to brown revolution [ brown2 ] [ brown3 ] , [ brown4 ] Top, Rembrandt, History Painting, 1626, Leiden, Stedelijk Museum. Middle, item. Bottom, cross-section. Land is the term depicting the bed applied to the support as a readying for painting. In early panel paintings the land consisted of inert white filler ( chalk or gesso ( mineral gypsum ) ) edge with animal-skin gum. In the early sixteenth century creative persons began to colourise their evidences dark brown because a such colored land offered the possibility of a more rapid and freer executing of the picture, being easier to cover. Dark brown evidences were besides exploited in the composing of a picture, either by go forthing parts exposed as can see in the item of the shaded portion along the brow and intrude where the brown land is partially seeable. The development was complete by the seventeenth century when it became unusual to paint on to a white surface. Rembrandt used C black as chief tinting pigment for the land bed. In this cross-section from the top portion of the white sash of the adult male on the utmost left of the picture we can see from bottom to exceed the brown colored chalk and gum land followed by a spot brighter 2nd thin land. Then another dark mixture used for the under picture and eventually the lead white bed of the sash. In pictures Brown colour may cover a broad scope of the seeable spectrum because it refers to more chromaticities, yellow, orange, or ruddy, in combination with low luminosity or impregnation and its sunglassess are called utilizing composite adjectives, i.e. ruddy brown, xanthous brown, dark brown and so forth. Browns can be made from primary colourss blending the blue with yellow to acquire green and so, blending the last 1 with ruddy. Otherwise browns can be merely made blending orange or ruddy colour with a spot of black pigment. Humanity had pure brown pigments from the beginning of art. Umber, a natural Earth, with many natural ( row umber, row sienna ) and unreal fluctuations ( burned umber, burned sienna ) had provided painters with many brown sunglassess fulfilling their demands. In the XVIIth century another natural Earth came in usage, Van Dyke brown. Caption: Timeline of brown pigments. Caption: Brown and orange are more closed than you of all time thought. The sensed colour depend on what white a colour is compared with. This is peculiar true for third colourss as brown which is perceived merely in the presence of a brighter colour contrast otherwise it looks orange. Orange is still perceived as such whatever the general light degree is. Look at these two discs in the image. They are objectively indistinguishable, but the one in a brighter light expressions brown while the one in the shadow looks orange. The undefinable nature of brown could be the ground why Nipponese do non hold a specific word for it but name it with names as tea-color and fallen-leaf. Blacks Black still stand for opposed thoughts: authorization and humbleness, rebellion and conformance, wealth and poorness. Black has many significances, absence, modernness, power, elegance, wealth, professionalism, enigma, immorality, traditionality, sorrow. Black besides implies entry. Priests wear black to mean entry to God. Yet the bad cats wear black chapeaus. In Western states black is the colour of bereavement and widows wear black while in many African states white is the colour worn during funerals. For the Nipponese civilization, black means experience and it is opposed to white, which symbolizes naivete . Thus the black belt is a grade of accomplishment and senior status in many soldierly humanistic disciplines, whereas white belt is a rank-less belt which comes before all other belts. Here s what Wassily Kandinsky ( 1866-1944 ) , a Russian painter, and art theoretician, had to state: A wholly dead silence, a silence with no possibilities, has the interior harmoniousness of black. In music it is represented by one of those profound and concluding intermissions, after which any continuance of the tune seems the morning of another universe. Black is something burned out, like the ashes of a funeral pyre, something motionless like a cadaver. The silence of black is the silence of decease. Outwardly black is the colour with least harmoniousness of all, a sort of impersonal background against which the minute sunglassess of other colourss stand clearly frontward. It differs from white in this besides, for with white about every colour is in strife, or even muffle wholly. [ black1 ] Caption: Manner is Black. A black tie dinner is really formal and elegant. Black is now popular in manner because it makes people appear dilutant. Black was manner besides in the medieval epoch, when it became the wont of courtiers and a symbol of luxury as clearly shown in this portrayal of a young person in forepart of a white drape, painted by Lorenzo Lotto in 1508. The blackest black [ black2 ] Rembrandt, Portrait of Aechje Claesdr. 1634, Caption: Rembrandt loved inkinesss. His Sitters black apparels called for the most intense black pigment. Therefore, bone black is found everyplace in Rembrandt s pictures but ever assorted with other pigments and/or lakes. There are merely a twosome of exclusions. One instance is the portrayal of Aechje Claesdr Rembrandt painted in 1634 and now at The National Gallery, London. Rembrandt used brush-strokes of pure bone black for the darkest parts of the vesture. In pictures In pattern black is considered a colour, in the sense that black is the colour of objects that absorb any visible radiation and make non reflect any portion of the seeable spectrum ; Black is hence experient when no seeable visible radiation reaches the oculus. A black pigment can be made blending the three primary pigments so that no visible radiation is reflected. There are many black pigments and creative persons preferred one over another based on the sunglassess of their inkinesss. Indeed, while C black, the first and the easiest to manufacucture, is a dull black made of wood coal, vine black, it is still charcoal but traditionally produced by coaling dried-out grape vines and stems. It has beautiful blue inkinesss. Bone black, made of burned castanetss from Prehistory, is the deepest available black. Rembrandt used it for the black vesture worn by his Sitters in order to separate them from the already dark dark milieus. === ill-defined where this will travel === Sally, delight redact the undermentioned, but I am non certain where it will travel: Color is a ocular perceptual belongings in worlds and it derives from the spectrum of light interacting in the oculus with the spectral sensitivenesss of the light receptors. Because perceptual experience of colour stems from the changing sensitiveness of different types of cone cells in the retina to different parts of the spectrum, colourss may be defined and quantified by the grade to which they stimulate these cells. In the survey of the perceptual experience of colour, one of the first mathematically defined colour infinites, created in the first decennary of the twentieth century, was the Munsell colour system which was so instantly used to measure dirt colour. It is a colour infinite that specifies colourss based on three colour dimensions: chromaticity, value ( elation ) , and saturation ( colour pureness or colorfulness ) . Our categorization of colour households is based on the five chief chromaticities of this Munsell system ( Red, Yellow, Green, Blue, and Purple ) plus Black and White, matching to the impersonal values 0 and 10 severally. Orange and Brown follow in the five secondary chromaticity divisions. Painters did nt hold pigments for each colour. In fact, the historical pick of primary colourss was limited by the historical handiness of suited pigments, which until the late nineteenth century were relatively dull and dark. Therefore, subtractive mixtures have been used since ancient Greece in order to acquire closer to a specific chromaticity. That pattern fixed on blue, xanthous and ruddy as the best subtractive primary colourss. [ Munsell ] The Munsell colour system, demoing: a circle of chromaticities at value 5 saturation 6 ; the impersonal values from 0 to 10 ; and the saturation of purplish-blue ( 5PB ) at value 5.