Improper Politics Quicksand and Black Female Sexuality - Literature Essay Samples

The entertainment of a Harlem cabaret hypnotizes Helga Crane, the protagonist of Nella Larsens Quicksand. She loses herself in the sudden streaming rhythm and delights in the sexually suggestive moves of the dancers. Helga is blown out, ripped out, beaten out by the joyous, wild, murky orchestra in a moment suggestive of a sexual climax. But when the music fades, Helga returns to reality and asserts that she wasnt, she told herself, a jungle creature. Helga feels this struggle between sexual freedom and restraint throughout the novel. As Larsen shows in the cabaret, black women of the early twentieth century repressed their sexual desires so that white America would perceive them as respectable. In its fight for equality, the black social elite wanted women to emulate the conventions of mainstream society. Maintaining a good image was intended not only to produce change within the race, but also to combat white stereotypes that caused discrimination against black people. Thus, descr ibed as primitive and promiscuous since slavery, black women hid their sexuality under socially accepted behavior. But, as Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham refers to it, this politics of respectability had profound consequences. The politics of respectability shifted the blame for racist stereotypes from whites to blacks. Instead of stopping whites from unfairly labeling black women, the ideology of racial uplift forced black women to change their behavior in response to stereotypes. As Kevin K. Gaines argues in his book Uplifting the Race: Black Leadership, Politics, and Culture in the Twentieth Century, racial uplift supported an internalized form of racism. He writes, Racial uplift ideologys gender politics led African American elites to mistake the effects of oppression for causes Larsens Quicksand shows the psychological consequences of repressing sexuality. Helga moves from place to place and searches for happiness without rationality. Her unhappiness arises because the politics of respectability prevented black women from defining the terms of their sexuality. They were either lascivious jungle creature[s] or the ideal Victorian lady. Thus, uplift stopped black women from embracing their sexuality in a healthy way. Although the politics of respectability had good intentions, it severely curtailed individual freedom and prevented black women from forming their own identities. The black elite intended the politics of respectability to prevent discrimination. They reasoned that if whites saw that blacks had similar morals, they would have no basis for treating them unequally. The politics of respectability aimed at thwarting the dissemination of negative black images that occurred in films like D. W. Griffiths Birth of Nation and other media. Among the most ingrained stereotypes-and therefore most contested- was the promiscuous black woman. Higginbotham argues that black womanhood and white womanhood were represented with diametrically opposed sexualities. S he gives the example of a white woman quoted in a newspaper as saying, I cannot imagine such a creation as a virtuous black woman. Whereas American society saw white women as chaste, it viewed black women as sex-crazed and loose. Thus, the black elite sought to reinvent the image of the black female. They took on white societys norms and morals and instructed black women on issues from proper conduct on streetcars to appropriate colors for clothing. But, as Larsen illustrates in Quicksand, the politics of respectability promoted strict conformity and erased individuality. The black elite censured people who engaged in inappropriate behavior. The Shiloh Baptist Church in Washington, D.C., required individuals caught dancing and drinking to come before a church court. The black elite also attacked jazz, perhaps the most significant contribution to American culture at the time. Echoing the thoughts of Helga Crane in the cabaret, they said going to jazz halls amounted to a voluntary return to the jungle. Black women were no longer free to enjoy themselves without judgment. They became, like Helga, psychologically incomplete, needing sexual fulfillment but denied this by dominant society. The politics of respectability emphasized that the individual determined the fate of the race. The black elite believed that individual behavior reflected on everyone. Higginbotham writes about the fear that Baptist women had of nonconformity to their morals. The Baptist women spoke as if ever-cognizant of the gaze of white America, which in panoptic fashion focused on each and every black person and recorded his transgressions in an overall accounting of black inferiority, she argues. To keep everyone in line, the social elite intruded into the family life of black women. They linked poor eating habits with chewing, smoking, anddrinking. The woman who kept her house dirty became an enemy of the race. Aside from nutrition and housekeeping, the black elite emphasized that th e dignified individual required good parenting and lineage. For people like Helga who came from broken families, this expectation made them outsiders. Helga struggles with the tainted image that she inherits throughout Quicksand. When she wants to marry James Vayle, his parents disapprove of her lack of family. Lamenting the black social structure, Helga claims that Negro society, she had learned, was as complicated and as rigid in its ramifications as the highest strata of white society. If you couldnt prove your ancestry and connections, you were tolerated, but you didnt belong.' By scrutinizing every aspect of personal life, the politics of respectability eliminated the individual in favor of the collective. It placed so many burdens on black women that Helga tries to escape her race. When she leaves Harlem for Copenhagen, Helga delights in that blessed sense of belonging to herself and not to a race. But, as she quickly realizes, she could not sever her racial ties by changing location. Larsen also dealt with the oppression of racial uplift and infused Quicksand with her personal experience. Like Helga, she had parents of different races. Her mother was Danish and her father was West Indian. Like Helga, Her mother later married a white man who looked down on Larsen because of her race. Larsen studied science at Fisk University in Tennessee and also took classes at the University of Copenhagen. In 1915, she went to the South and became the superintendent of nurses at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. She left Tuskegee because she disliked its teaching methods and went to New York City, where she began to write several years later. She published her first novel, Quicksand, in 1928. As an author of the New Negro period, Larsen wrote for an audience that expected her to conform. Many leaders of the race believed that black literature should combat white stereotypes. In the New Negro, Alain Locke argued that African-American literature should promote race pride. W.E.B. Du Bois wrote a review of Quicksand for The Crisis in which he compared the novel to Claude McKays Home to Harlem. He applauds Larsen for a fine, thoughtful and courageous piece of work, but criticizes McKay for his emphasis on sex. DuBois describes the book as nauseating and says that it made him feel distinctly like taking a bath. Du Bois enters the debate on sexuality and uplift in his review. He condemns Home to Harlem for playing into that prurient demand on the part of white folk and praises Quicksand for portraying honest, young fighting Negro women. He thus promotes the idea that blacks should suppress their sexuality to combat white stereotypes of their promiscuity. Du Bois shows that the black elite preferred to address sexuality indirectly or not all. Despite her conservative audience, Larsen criticized the goals of uplift and dealt seriously with female sexuality. Social expectations constrained her, but she asserted that black sexuality could not be igno red. Deborah E. McDowell, in the introduction to Quicksand, writes, Larsen wanted to tell a story of the black woman with sexual desires, but was constrained by a competing desire to establish black women as respectable in black middle class terms. McDowell adds that because of the second consideration, Larsen could only deal with sex obliquely. Larsen used Helga to express her thoughts on uplift and sexuality. She based the fictional Naxos on Tuskegee and had the same criticisms as Helga does of its social rules. Helga finds the social environment of Naxos oppressive and rigid. She believes that, although it was founded with good intentions, Naxos has turned into a machine. Helga claims that it was now only a big knife with cruel sharp edges ruthlessly cutting all to a pattern, the white mans pattern. Naxos teaches its students to give up their individuality, and associated sexuality, in favor of a respectable image. Larsen shows that even the smallest expressions of sexuality c ould not exist in this environment. The female faculty wears dull-colored clothing and becomes uncomfortable when Helga puts on dark purples, royal blues, rich greens, [and] deep reds. Unwilling to accept social convention, Helga leaves Naxos when Dr. Anderson calls her a lady, a loaded term in her mind. For Helga, it means giving up her individuality and being untrue to herself. Although Helga defies social convention by leaving Naxos, she retains a preoccupation with ladylike behavior. In a situation reminiscent of the Harlem cabaret, Helga watches a Copenhagen vaudeville show in which two American blacks perform. Their loose movements embarrass and repulse Helga, who attends the show with her white friends. She felt ashamed, betrayed, as if these pale pink and white people among whom she lived had suddenly been invited to look upon something in her which she had hidden away and wanted to forget, Larsen writes. The thing that she had hidden away is her sexuality. Helga wants t o challenge the white stereotype of primitive, lascivious blacks, but she also wants to express her own sexuality. She shows that the politics of respectability prevented black women from releasing their sexual tensions. Instead, it bottled up their physical desires and allowed them to reach a near-boiling point. Higginbotham demonstrates that African-American women in the early twentieth century felt social obligations similar to Helgas. Respectability, too, offered the black Baptist women a perceived defense of their sexual identities, she claims. Just as the white audience put Helga in a defensive position, black women fought a society that placed them in a negative role. The Womans Convention, Auxiliary to the National Baptist Convention, argued that the black woman must become a tower of moral strength and by her reserve and dignified bearing, defy and cower her aggressors. Although the black elite wanted to fight stereotypes, they often accepted them unwittingly. The politic s of respectability assumed that blacks gave white people reasons to treat them unequally. Higginbotham argues that the politics of respectability equated nonconformity with the cause of racial inequality and injustice. In this way, uplift made discrimination about supposedly improving black morals rather than combating white bias. Gaines claims that the emphasis on family life also shifted the blame for sexual misconceptions to black women. Such emphasis on family life as a racial panacea often treated the problem as a failure of blacks to conform to Victorian sexual mores, instead of an outgrowth of ongoing, systematic repression, Gaines writes. Inspired by the black elite, this self-reproach contributed to a confused racial identity. Helga fluctuates between looking down on blacks and feeling connected to them. She didnt, in spite of her racial markings, belong to these dark segregated people, Helga claims. She was different. She felt it. It wasnt merely a matter of color. Helg a goes to Copenhagen to escape her race, but finds that color is important there, too. Her Danish relatives support the stereotype of the exotic black female and make Helga into a sex object. Her aunt and uncle put her in bright revealing clothes and exhibit her to their friends. Unwilling to accept this new role, Helga returns to Harlem and yearns to be apart of her race again. How absurd she had been to think that another country, other people could liberate her from the ties which bound her forever tothese lovable, dark hordes, Helga muses when she returns to Harlem. The inability to define her own sexuality causes Helgas vacillation between the races. In Harlem, she must repress her physical desires to be respectable. In Copenhagen, her relatives transform her into an object of lust. When Helga returns to Harlem, she begins to express her sexuality, but in bizarre and misguided ways. Soaked and looking for shelter, Helga finds refuge in a church and has an experience that is b oth religious conversion and sexual liberation. Larsen blurs the lines between religious fervor and passion in this intense scene. She writes, as Helga watched and listened gradually a curious influence penetrated her; she felt an echo of the weird orgy resound in her own heart. After releasing her sexual frustration at the church, Helga seduces a preacher who helps her home. But her decision has far-reaching consequences. She enters a loveless marriage and becomes pregnant five times. Larsen equates motherhood with a slow death as each child increases Helgas suffering. All hopes for her happiness end when she has her first child. She had ruined her life. Made it impossible to do the things that she wanted, have the things that she loved, mingle with the people she liked, Larsen claims. Thus, Larsen argues that black women had to sacrifice their dreams to satisfy their physical desires. She criticizes the politics of respectability for offering either a non-sexual existence or dom estic servitude. McDowell argues that Larsen castigates the dual price- marriage and pregnancy/childbearing- that women must pay for sexual expression. By ending Quicksand with Helga pregnant once again, Larsen attacks social convention for the burdens that it placed on black women. Helgas mixed background further complicates her search for sexual satisfaction and happiness. She is unsure of where she belongs and how the politics of respectability affect her. When she leaves Copenhagen, Helga laments not feeling a part of either race. Why couldnt she have two lives, or why couldnt she be satisfied in one place? she thinks. At times, she wants to escape other black people and to forget the ties to her race. But when she travels to Copenhagen, she realizes that her white relatives treat her as only an exotic curiosity. Helgas confusion is similar to what Du Bois refers to as double-consciousness. Du Bois argues that white perceptions of black people influenced how blacks saw thems elves. Du Bois writes, It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at oneself in the eyes of others, of measuring ones soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. Because Helga is a person of mixed background, the feeling of double-consciousness becomes pronounced. When Helga describes the Harlem nightclub as a jungle, she looks at the scene through white eyes. She accepts the stereotype of the savage black and stops herself from enjoying the dancing. Larsen writes, She cloaked herself in a faint disgust as she watched the entertainers throw themselves about to the bursts of syncopated jungle. Larsen shows the power of white stereotypes in black life. Helga lives with the fear of being watched and analyzed. Even when she is free to enjoy herself, white ideas still influence her behavior. Larsen not only deals with double-consciousness, but also grapples with what it means to be black. She examines whether being bl ack can be a choice in Quicksand and her other novel Passing. Helga moves between black and white communities to find where she belongs. She attempts to move in with her uncle in Chicago, but the thought of having a black person in the family terrifies his wife. Rejected and desperate for work, she goes to Harlem, where she stays with Anne. But she grows tired of talking with Anne about the Negro problem. Helga believes that discussion of the Negro problem only emphasizes black oppression. She wanted to be free from this constant prattling of the incongruities, the injustices, the stupidities, the viciousness of white people. It stirred memories, probed hidden wounds, whose poignant ache bred in her a surprising oppression, Larsen claims. Unable to accept her inferior position in America, Helga leaves for Copenhagen to embrace her white relatives. Although her Danish relatives treat her nicely, they do not regard her as equal. True she was attractive, unusual, in an exotic, almost savage way, but she wasnt one of them. She didnt at all count, Helga thinks at her relatives dinner party. Helga wants to return to Harlem when she realizes that she is different from her white friends. Because Helga needs to associate with black people, Larsen suggests that blackness is innate even for people of mixed backgrounds. Helgas separation from her race is impossible. Similarly, Larsens connection to the black middle class affected her work. Because Larsen was a part of this class, she could not criticize the politics of respectability freely. McDowell argues that however much Larsen criticizes the repressive standards of sexual morality upheld by the black middle class, finally she cannot escape those values. Although Larsen attacks the morals of racial uplift, she deals with sexuality within its framework. Larsen makes marriage and pregnancy the inevitable consequences of expressing physical desire. She writes after Helga sleeps with Reverend Green, And so in the con fusion of seductive repentance Helga Crane was married to the grandiloquent Reverend Mr. Pleasant Green. Helgas repentance suggests that she must atone for fornicating with Reverend Green. She never accepts Christianity in her heart, but uses it to cloak her guilt. The marriage also has inappropriate motives. Helga feels that she must marry Green because Christianity demands it. She neglects her husband and despises both motherhood and marriage. For the preacher, her husband, she had a feeling of gratitude, almost amounting to sin. Beyond that, she thought of him not at all, Larsen writes. By ending with Helga unhappy and pregnant again, Quicksand suggests that no appropriate place for black sexuality exists. Larsen implies that escaping societys morals was impossible. Helga challenges them but succumbs to their consequences in the end. The repression of black sexuality still occurs today. Cornel West argues that it is still a taboo in his book Race Matters. He regrets that black families, churches, and schools have ignored black sexuality. West believes that these organizations have neglected black sexuality to gain the acceptance of white America. West writes, struggling black institutions made a Faustian pact with white America: avoid any substantive engagement with black sexuality and your survival on the margins of American society is, at least, possible. This Faustian pact has caused many black women to treat their physical desires with apprehension and disgust. Helga feels the psychological damage that the politics of respectability inflict. She searches for sexual fulfillment throughout the novel, and when she finds it, social expectations suffocate her. The title Quicksand alludes to the hopelessness of Helgas search for happiness. The more she struggles, the faster she sinks. Ironically, the politics of respectability could neither inhibit white stereotypes of black sexuality nor improve race relations. More than seventy years after Larsen publis hed Quicksand, West discusses the same assumptions that whites have of black sexuality. Because stereotypes are not always based on truth, the public-image campaign, promoted by black elites, could only achieve so much. Uplift also increased racial misunderstanding. The politics of respectability put black sexuality under the rug, but, by leaving it unaddressed, fostered contradictory images of black women. They were either sex-crazed or sexless. In this way, the politics of respectability obscured the fact that sexual desire is natural and failed to engage in a realistic dialogue.

The Advantages of Essay Topics for Highschool

The Advantages of Essay Topics for Highschool Ok, I Think I Understand Essay Topics for Highschool, Now Tell Me About Essay Topics for Highschool! When you're assigned to compose an expository essay, the very first thing you need to know is the way to write it. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the main issue to do is to select a topic and an argument you could really get behind. Whichever style of argument you decide on, you will nonetheless should decide on a proper topic for an argumentative essay. There are a few great topics to take into account when selecting topic for your argumentative essay. Generally the toughest characteristic of developing a descriptive essay is picking the topic. If this is the case, you might have a fantastic beginning to your expository essay. You are unable to begin writing an essay without a sharp clue about what things to write. The exact first step in writing an interesting expository essay is to opt for a fantastic topic. If you can select the matter by yourself, it's possible to think of the issue of interest! Once you finish your research notes you can begin writing with confidence that you have all of the pieces you have to create an amazing essay. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to discover ready-made essays and use them as an example. If you should compose an essay about technology, then you might be wondering what topics it is possible to base your paper on. Categories, essay topics could be divided into. Nobody really wishes to compose an essay. Writing a high school essay if you've got the tips about how to do essay effectively. Choose the one that you liek to compose a great expository essay! Any fantastic expository speech wants a confident touch with the topic. There are plenty of unique tactics to approach an argumentative essay. Try to remember that expository essays are supposed to explain something in place of give personal opinions on a specific subject or event. There are dozens and dozens of compelling topics out there which can be meticulously explored, but choosing one that you're interested in would help it become a tiny bit easier and more fun. The Upside to Essay Topics for Highschool There's, naturally, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. When you're going to begin your work, the very first important step is choosing a great topic. When you get a well-formulated topic, it's a half success of your final writing. 1 great suggestion to take is to choose one that you're deeply interested in. For instance, if you wish to compose an essay on the simple fact which you really like hamburgers, that's not an extremely good topic, because there's no strong counter-argument. Still, there's no need to panic! In high school, you're supposed to decide on the type of topic you'll be in a position to dig into that is, it's necessary for you to make sure that you can come across enough info on the topic. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. Year round school isn't a good idea. Very often it becomes tough to choose one particular topic either due to the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. Learning through listening alone makes a circumstance where the student is simply a receiver of information it's an inefficient type of learning. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory over a specific age. The purpose of the expository essay is to expand the info on the subject in a logica l way. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. Fix It Editing is a significant portion of any writing toolbox. Although you may know what format, style guide, and whether the essay needs to be double spaced, you might be confused on what actually creates a great essay topic. Ruthless Essay Topics for Highschool Strategies Exploited Students are accustomed to the fact which their professors give them with the assignment's topic. Have they stand next to their desk. They should be allowed to pray in school. Many students think that it is a waste of time.

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ( Snap )

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Issues dealt with by the policy The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a program developed and administered by the United States Department Agriculture; to support families and individuals with low income by providing nutrition assistance in coordination with State agencies and other organizations such as State agencies, faith based organizations and educators. In addition, SNAP provides a variety of parallel benefits to society regarding its economy. The goal of SNAP is to reduce hunger of families and individuals who qualify by facilitating their food purchases (United States Department of Agriculture, 2014) . The program works by providing to low income families electronic coupons through a system called Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT). Benefactors receive a card and use it instead of a paper coupon (Food Research and Action Center, 2010). Historical Background; political and economic context of the development of the policy According to the website SNAP to Health (2015), SNAP program started in 1933 as a part of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) and as a relief of hunger during the Great Depression. In order to make official the repartition of food from government, on 1939 the food stamps plan was created and implemented by Roosevelt’s administration. Low income families would buy food stamps to buy food consideredShow MoreRelatedSupplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ( Snap )2351 Words   |  10 Pages Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Introduction The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as the Food Stamp Program, was introduced in 1939 to alleviate poverty and hunger in the United States. The main purpose of the program is to help people with low-income to afford nutritious diet by elevating their purchasing power (Cuunyngham et al., 2006). 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The Healthy Food Choices Act of 2016 would require the participants of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program to use their benefits to purchase items that meet the nutrition requirement proposed by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children or WIC program (Roe, 2016). According to the United States Department of Agriculture (2016), there were 45,766,672 people participated in the Sup plemental Nutrition Assistance Program in theRead MoreThe United States Food Stamp Program1708 Words   |  7 Pagessingle able bodied, unemployed Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipient in New York receives around $30 a week to purchase food (â€Å"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program†). The food stamp program was made national by the Food Stamp Act of 1964 by President Lyndon. B. Johnson (â€Å"Food Stamps in the U.S†). Today, over 47.6 million Americans rely on the government to buy groceries (â€Å"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program†). 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How Divorce Affects A Child s Development Essay - 887 Words

Judith Osiughwu Kean University Introduction In today s society, divorce or remarriage rate has been growing rapidly. Divorces is a legal action between married people that is on longer together. Over the last twenty-five years, several studies has indicated that divorce process may affect family characteristics and most especially children s cognitive performance. Divorce changes children s lives through parental emotion and behavior. Divorce may also increase the risk of negative outcomes for younger and older children. Children from infant and toddler are less likely to be affected by divorce because is a early development stage (Leon, 2003). The purpose of this study is to better understand how parental divorces affects a child s development, how children transition from living with both parent or divorces single parent and also.studies, how divorce could influence a child s behavior, emotions, a child academic and their future relationships. Between young children and older children who react or adjust more to par ental divorce.My hypothesis is to see divorce effect a child s cognitive, emotional and psychological aspect class or at home. Parent who are divorce is also categorized in two, divorce single-parent living with children, while a divorce in which the children is living with neither of their parents or family. Overall no matter where the child is living, divorce still has an negative influence in theShow MoreRelatedHow Divorce Affects A Child s Development Essay888 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction In today s society, divorce or remarriage rate has been growing rapidly. Divorces is a legal action between married people that is on longer together. Over the last twenty-five years, several studies has indicated that divorce process may affect family characteristics and most especially children s cognitive performance. Divorce changes children s lives through parental emotion and behavior. 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Religion And Africa By Jenny Trinitapoli And Alexander...

In the book Religion and AIDS in Africa by Jenny Trinitapoli and Alexander Wienreb, describe the role that religion plays in interpreting, preventing, and coping with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. In my view, the variation across countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is due, in part, to different health care and political/government systems. The variation that is seen in healthcare across SSA, where Botswana where programs and access to antiretroviral therapy compared to Zambia. The other variation seen in government influence is that there is a lack of involvement in address HIV/AIDS in South Africa government due to political silence compared to Uganda. With the goal of providing a relationship between religion and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, Jenny Trinitapoli and Alexander Weinreb explore the AIDS and religion in Africa by using a range of African data, with a focus on Malawi and their own Malawi Religion Project. Using mixed methods and data from studies such as the World Value Survey, the Demographic and Health Survey, the Afrobarometer and the Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project in exampling to the Western audience what those that have HIV are involved in Africa know which is that religion and AIDS are intertwined and they effect one another. Focusing predominately on Christianity and Islam, and differentiating between the two, this book explains and explores the relationship between AIDS and religion. In the process they expose some popular Western myths

A worldwide crime - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 766 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/19 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Cyber Crime Essay Did you like this example? Cybercrime is known to be a worldwide crime due to its outrageous outcomes. Cybercrime doesnt involve with just one crime, but indeed with multiple crimes. Some crimes that involve a cyber crime are Hacking, Scams, Computer vandalism, Cyber Terrorism, Phishing, and Internet Fraud. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A worldwide crime" essay for you Create order Cybercrime is considered to be one of the biggest threat to society because personal and confidential information is being stolen through the internet. Illegal activities that involve cybercrime are mainly made by fraudsters and identity thieves. Throughout the years cybercrime has evolved into something big that is getting out of control as years go on. The reason cyber crime is so big right now and is considered a threat to society is that of technology and the internet. Cybercrime started as something small ,however as the internet and technology started to advanced the attacks started to become bigger. The first cybercrime started as something small and simple, and that were hacked. As, different hacks were being made to steal information from other but, as the Internet became more known so did the cyber attacks. The first major wave of cybercrime occurred with the increase of emails during the late 80s [1]. It allowed for a host of scams and malware to be delivered to different inboxes. In the 90s the second cyber crime in history came when advancements in web browsers[1]. Viruses started to develop in web browsers. Viruses were delivered through the internet especially when visiting certain types of websites. In the other hand, once the internet and social started to become big, people started to trust all the websites they visit and add all of their information into their profiles. Many people around the world fear to be a victim of cyber crime since they put their information in danger. One major thing that people fear is their personal and confidential information being stolen without them noticing. Information such as money, identity, and even their social security can be stolen and used against them. As years pass and technology increases then it can be said that cyber crime will increase as well. As cyber crime increases and more damages are made, the cost of the crime will end up increasing too. It said that attacks made by criminals will surface over 6 billion people by the year 2021 and will increase every year [2]. Many people who are trying to bring the people to justify are using the same tools criminals used to commit crimes. All the damages made by the criminals are going to end up hitting costs of 6 trillion dollars annually by the year 2021 [2]. Cyber crime forces many people around the world live in fear especially, when they have a chance of becoming a victim of a crime. Many thieves use different techniques to do a crime that involves with stealing any information of anyone. Cybercrime left a mark as an established global criminal industry that operated in gangs, that use methods to get into anything on the internet. The so called criminal industry made over half a trillion dollars every year [1]. Many of the crimes are very difficult to detect because of different reasons, going private is one of them. Criminals tend to use different types of networks and servers to disguise themselves when doing any crime. That is why its so difficult to detect and find them. Some of the servers and networks they use are the Proxy server, TOR browser, and VPN. The Proxy server is used to hide all the information of the resources and websites you access. The TOR browser prevents people from seeing the websites you visited, and it also le ts you access any blocked websites. Finally, the Virtual Private Network or better known as VPN is a network that extends private networks over public networks. It is a very popular network since it helps hide your identity [3]. Initially, cyber crime started somewhere in the world but that place is unknown. However, there are places where cybercrime is mostly seen the most and that place is mainly the United States, but there are other countries where different types of crimes are being made such as China, Russia, and Brazil [4]. China has the highest percent of cyber crimes initiated in there country out of all 4. China has initiated a percent of 27.24 cyber attacks and overall has 41 percent of the worlds cyber attacks trace their genesis back to its country [4]. The United States has initiated a percent of 17.12 of cyber attacks [4]. 4.3 percent of all the global attacks are generated by Russia and 5.12 percent is initiated by them [4]. Lastly, Brazil has initiated 8.60 percent of the cyber attacks in the world [4].

Understanding Supply Chain Management Discount Tire Company

Understanding Supply Chain Management Do you need new tires? Discount Tire is the place for you. The Discount Tire CO was founded in Ant Arbor, Michigan 1960 by Bruce T. Halle and is known for one of the largest wheel retailers today. Most people who come in are concerned with the current condition of the tires on their vehicle. Discount Tire Company provides services like air checks, tire repairs and new tire and wheel purchases. They are a company that has a target customer base of anyone that owns a vehicle and are often very helpful to those people that simply cannot afford tires. They sell tires for any vehicle you could imagine from the tiny two seat smart vehicle to a two hundred thousand dollar Ferrari and anything in between. They are one of the only companies that do not sell their own brand of tire however; they do have a sponsorship brand with the Pathfinder Tire Company. Discount Tire Company is able to supply tires that will fit in anyone s budget. They are able to put high end racing material tires on expensive vehicles and can also fit a families mini-van with quality tires. They will work with anyone by offering free yearly financing if you would like to purchase new tires or wheels and all you need is good credit and the ability to make small monthly payments. Discount Tire Company also offers a monthly selection of wheels that can be purchased for fewer than one hundred dollars and they select a new set each month. They usually have around 15Show MoreRelatedCase Study20441 Words   |  82 PagesTitle â€Å"SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT† Graduation Project Course: PRODACTION SYSTEM CONTROL Skopje - July, 2011 1 Faculty of Technical Science Title â€Å"SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT† Graduation Project Course: PRODACTION SYSTEM CONTROL Mentor: Prof. (Tarik CAKAR) Performed by: Enis SELAM, Student ID No.08/09.20 Enis_slm@hotmail.com Skopje, July, 2011 2 BRIEF CONTENTS Preface xiii Part I -- Building a Strategic Framework to Analyze Supply Chains Chapter 1 Understanding the SupplyRead MoreBusiness Intelligence Strategy at Canadian Tire4512 Words   |  19 PagesBusiness Intelligence Strategy at Canadian Tire The Retail group has just sent me another quick win request, stated Michael Eubanks, director of marketing information technology (IT), as he walked into his meeting with Andy Wnek, chief information officer (CIO) of Canadian Tire Corporation (CTC). That’s the second one this week, and I have heard whispers about more. Dealing with these quick wins is going to make it difficult to redevelop the business intelligence (BI) infrastructure. That’sRead MoreWal-Mart Case Study – Rfid and Supply Chain Management7654 Words   |  31 Pagestechnology plays a vital role in today’s’ businesses. Traditionally, technology has been upgraded in billing systems and for storage purposes. A new area where technology could be applied to, where many expenses could be saved was in inventory management and logistics. Wal-Mart being so huge, needed to keep track of men and material sent across different countries and had to maintain hundreds of warehouses across the world. Bar-codes have been initially identified as a suitable technology to meetRead MoreWhat Management Is3760 Words   |  16 PagesWhat Management Is Question 1 An ‘External Orientation’ rather than an ‘Inward Focus’ is useful in understanding the concept of value. Describe ‘Value Creation’ from the context of Low-Cost Airlines (No-Frill airlines). Compare it with how the Indian Railways creates value. Answer 1 Value creation is a term which cannot be defined / quantified specifically and measured accurately or attributed a particular definition. It has a distinct and broad view and originates from the customers point ofRead MoreWhat Management Is3774 Words   |  16 PagesWhat Management Is Question 1 An ‘External Orientation’ rather than an ‘Inward Focus’ is useful in understanding the concept of value. Describe ‘Value Creation’ from the context of Low-Cost Airlines (No-Frill airlines). Compare it with how the Indian Railways creates value. Answer 1 Value creation is a term which cannot be defined / quantified specifically and measured accurately or attributed a particular definition. It has a distinct and broad view and originates from the customers point of viewRead MoreProject4333 Words   |  18 PagesKing Talal School for Business Management Information System Department Wal-Mart By: Yasmine Okasheh Supervisor: Dr. This graduation project was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the bachelor’s degree in MIS May 8, 2012 Committee Decision This graduation project Market Segmentation was successfully defended and approved on April 3, 2012. Examination Committee Signature Dr. Abd Al-Ghafoor ______________ Read MoreJames D. Sinegal: Revolutionizing an Industry6187 Words   |  25 Pages..3 History of Costco†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 Management Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 Costco’s Performance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..20 References Biography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦25 History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.26 Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦27 Performance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦28 Biography of Jim Sinegal â€Å"We want to build a company that will still be here 50 and 60 years from now. This is a quoteRead MoreCustomer Loyalty5157 Words   |  21 Pagesand customer loyalty have an increasing importance in today’s competitive world. The companies follow customer share intelligence instead of market share intelligence. The most used method for this is information technology based customer relationship management. In this paper it is examined the factors that affect this loyalty, the place of information technology based customer relationship management variables such as club cards, calling centers and web sites under KIPA and MIGROS examplesRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Walmart Stores3143 Words   |  13 PagesWalmart stores are like other large groceries chain and retail that offers store brand like households or generic brands with low priced options for named brand products and consumer purchase. Walmart store has several brands and offers Walmart brands with private label products in almost every category. 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Members of the Team: Marcus Bedford Jon Cable Wayne Oulicky Constince Sanchez Table of Contents: Executive Summary.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Problem Statement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...2 Situational Description and Strategic Analyses †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦